Neurophysiology in between the interests of Dom Pedro II of Brazil, and Charles Brown-Séquard (Historical Note) / Neurofisiologia entre os interesses de Dom Pedro II do Brasil e Charles Brown-Séquard (Nota Histórica)

This article presents our historical research regarding Charles Brown-Séquard, a famous scientist with important contributions to the medical field, in particular for neurology, and endocrinology, and his relationship with Dom Pedro II, the second and last Brazilian Emperor, and an enlightened ruler. The Emperor contacted several illustrious personages in support of State policy, such as for the development of experimental physiology at the Imperial Museum of Natural History, but also for personal purposes given his health problems and those of the Empress. Charles Brown-Séquard and his pilgrimage between different worlds as a physician and physiologist are presented until his definitive establishment in Paris, where he replaces Claude Bernard in the chair of experimental medicine at the Collège de France. Jacques-Arsene d'Arsonval took over after this chair, and together with Brown-Séquard, he electrophysiologically examined the Emperor's diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In this article, the Emperor´s relationship with Brown-Séquard was studied mainly from the correspondence sent to Dom Pedro II and retrieved from the Imperial Museum in Petrópolis, Brazil, and from the accounts of his meetings that included scientific sessions and clinical consultations. This article can be used to understand the progress of knowledge in the field of neurology/clinical neurophysiology, the tracking of emerging ideas in the field of science in the past and the threat to the credibility of researchers.

Este artigo apresenta nossa pesquisa histórica a respeito de Charles Brown-Séquard, famoso cientista com importantes contribuições para a área médica, em especial para a neurologia e endocrinologia, e sua relação com Dom Pedro II, segundo e último Imperador brasileiro, e governante esclarecido. O Imperador contactou várias personalidades ilustres no apoio à política de Estado, como para o desenvolvimento da fisiologia experimental no Museu Imperial de História Natural, mas também para fins pessoais dados os seus problemas de saúde e os da Imperatriz. Charles Brown-Séquard e sua peregrinação entre diferentes mundos como médico e fisiologista são apresentados até seu estabelecimento definitivo em Paris, onde substitui Claude Bernard na cadeira de medicina experimental no Collège de France. Jacques-Arsene d'Arsonval assumiu após esta cadeira e, juntamente com Brown-Séquard, examinou eletrofisiologicamente a neuropatia periférica diabética do imperador. Neste artigo, a relação do Imperador com BrownSéquard foi estudada principalmente a partir da correspondência enviada a Dom Pedro II e recuperada no Museu Imperial de Petrópolis, Brasil, e dos relatos de seus encontros que incluíam sessões científicas e consultas clínicas . Este artigo pode ser usado para entender o progresso do conhecimento no campo da neurologia/neurofisiologia clínica, o rastreamento de ideias emergentes no campo da ciência no passado e a ameaça à credibilidade dos pesquisadores.

Reflex cardioinhibitory syncope potentially related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report / Síncope cardioinibitória reflexa potencialmente relacionada à infecção por SARS-CoV-2: um relato de caso

Autonomic dysfunction related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is increasingly described in the literature. We report the case of a 30-year-old male with a background of asthma and migraine who experienced a second episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized by mild respiratory symptoms. Twenty-four days after the symptom onset, he developed acute syncope. A tilt test revealed a neuromediated cardioinhibitory response with asystole (Vasovagal Syncope International Study ­ VASIS type 2B). The temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and syncope seems to indicate a probable causal relationship, which requires corroboration by future studies.

Disfunção autonômica relacionada à infecção por coronavírus-2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2) vem sendo cada vez mais descrita na literatura. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 30 anos de idade, com histórico de asma e enxaqueca, que apresentou um segundo episódio de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 caracterizado por sintomas respiratórios leves. Vinte e quatro dias após o início dos sintomas, desenvolveu um quadro agudo de síncope. Um teste de inclinação revelou uma resposta cardioinibitória neuromediada com assistolia (Vasovagal Syncope International Study ­ VASIS tipo 2B). A associação temporal entre infecção por SARS-CoV-2 e síncope parece indicar uma provável relação causal, a qual requer corroboração por estudos futuros.

Vascular Spectrum of Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Ischemic, Hemorrhagic, and Thromboembolic Complications

Abstract Ischemic strokes secondary to occlusion of large vessels have been described in patients with COVID-19. Also, venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism have been related to the disease. Vascular occlusion may be associated with a prothrombotic state due to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. Intracranial hemorrhagic lesions can additionally be seen in these patients. The causative mechanism of hemorrhage could be associated with anticoagulant therapy or factors such as coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. We report on cases of ischemic, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic complications in six patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed typical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia findings in all the cases, which were all confirmed by either serology or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests.

Psychiatric emergency units in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the infrastructure (e.g., availability, resources, and staff), basic metrics, and problems (e.g., network, overcrowding, resources, and infrastructure) of the psychiatric emergency services in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study assessing psychiatric services (n=29) listed by the Brazilian Psychiatric Association in 2019. RESULTS: Almost all the units reported 24 h/7-day availability having psychiatrists, nurses, and social workers, with 8.8 (SE=2.2) and 2.8 (SE=0.3) consultations and hospitalizations per day, respectively. Separated room for contention was reported by the minority of the services (38%). The most commonly reported problems were insufficient structure for child/adolescent care (83%), increasing patient demand (72%), housing referral for homeless (72%), excessive prescription demand (69%), short-term room overcrowding (59%), court orders for inpatient treatment (59%), lack of vacancies for inpatients hospitalization (59%), and referral to primary care (56%). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the United States, the Brazilian psychiatric emergency units are decreasing and encompass the shortcomings of the Brazilian mental health care network.

Detection and characterization of Bacillus cereus isolated from the dialysis fluid

ABSTRACT In this study, B. cereus was detected in dialysis fluids within international parameters (ultrapure - maximum limit of 0.1 CFU/mL for heterotrophic bacteria count) by analyzing the pellet obtained through the centrifugation method. We also investigated the ability of the B. cereus isolate to form a biofilm at different temperatures, the production of virulence factors, and the susceptibility to commercial antimicrobial agents. This study demonstrated a high ability of B. cereus to persist in the hemodialysis system, which can be explained by its broad ability to produce a biofilm at 25 °C, its relevant production of virulence factors, such as β-hemolysin, lecithinase and cereulide, and its important resistance pattern to antimicrobial drugs. In conclusion, these new findings expand the understanding that this microorganism should not be neglected and new methods for tracking it should be considered.

Triatomine fauna in the state of Bahia, Brazil: What changed after 40 years of the vector-control program?

ABSTRACT Background: Neglected tropical diseases are a growing threat to global health, and endemic Chagas disease has emerged as one of the most important health problems in America. The main strategy to prevent Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is chemical control of vectors. This study presents a descriptive analysis of synanthropic triatomines before and after the implementation of a vector-control program in Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive analysis and geospatial statistics were performed on triatomine data, (1) the relative abundance and (2) proportional spatial distribution, from Bahia during two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971 and (B) 2006 to 2019. Results: We observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Panstrongylus megistus (A: n=22.032, 61.9%; B: n=1.842, 1.0%) and Triatoma infestans (A: n=1.310, 3.7%; B: n=763, 0.43%), as well as an increase in the relative abundance of T. sordida (A: n=8.314, 23.4%, B: n=146.901, 81.6%) and T. pseudomaculata (A: n=894, 2.5%, B: n=16.717, 9.3%). Conclusions: Our results indicate a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans (last record in 2015) and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. The high frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and their abundance in recent years highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions to prevent Chagas disease.

Prevalence and associated factors with musculoskeletal pain in professionals of the Mobile Emergency Care Service / Prevalência e fatores associados à dor musculoesquelética em profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The professionals who work in pre-hospital care are exposed to unhealthy environments, which can represent risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in professionals of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) and identify its associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, carried out at three SAMU bases in Pernambuco. Ninety five professionals were evaluated, of both sexes and age range between 21-58 years old, being (n=36: ambulance drivers, n=38: nursing technicians, n=15: nurses and n=6: physicians). For the musculoskeletal pain evaluation, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms was used. To quantify the intensity of pain, the visual analogue scale was used. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 71.6% (n=68) of the rescuers; of these, only 18% (n=17) mentioned that they already had these pains before their SAMU labor activity. Nursing technicians were the professionals most affected by the musculoskeletal pain (89.5%), followed by nurses (73.3%), ambulance drivers (55.6%) and the physicians (50%). The lumbar spine (53.5%), knees (32.6%) and cervical spine (30.5%) were the body regions most affected by pain and the female sex was associated with musculoskeletal pain presence (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: High musculoskeletal pain prevalence was observed among professionals of SAMU, especially in the nursing professionals. In addition, the female sex was shown to be a factor associated with musculoskeletal pain presence in this group of professionals.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os profissionais do atendimento pré-hospitalar estão expostos a ambientes insalubres, que podem representar fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, realizado em três bases do SAMU de Pernambuco. Foram avaliados 95 profissionais, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 21 e 58 anos, sendo (n=36: condutores socorristas, n=38: técnicos de enfermagem, n=15: enfermeiros e n=6: médicos). Para a avaliação da dor musculoesquelética foi utilizado o Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms e, para quantificar a intensidade das dores, a escala analógica visual. RESULTADOS: As dores musculoesqueléticas foram relatadas por 71,6% (n=68) dos socorristas, desses, apenas 18% (n=17) mencionaram que já apresentavam tais dores antes das suas atividades laborais no SAMU. Os técnicos de enfermagem foram os profissionais mais acometidos pelas dores musculoesqueléticas (89,5%), seguidos dos enfermeiros (73,3%), dos condutores socorristas (55,6%) e médicos (50%). A coluna lombar (53,5%), os joelhos (32,6%) e a coluna cervical (30,5%) foram regiões corporais mais acometidas pelas dores e o sexo feminino foi um fator associado à presença das dores musculoesqueléticas (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada elevada prevalência de dor musculoesquelética nos profissionais do SAMU avaliados, sobretudo nos profissionais de enfermagem, Além disso, o sexo feminino foi um fator associado à presença de dor musculoesquelética nesse grupo de profissionais.

The change in the clinical presentation of Graves disease: a 30 years retrospective survey in an academic Brazilian tertiary center

ABSTRACT Objective Graves' disease (GD) is the main cause of hyperthyroidism among adults. It is an autoimmune condition classically marked by the Merserburg Triad (goiter, thyrotoxicosis, and orbitopathy), but the change in presentation of GD over time has rarely been studied. To determine changes in the clinical presentation of patients with GD in the last 30 years. Subjects and methods The study evaluated 475 patients diagnosed with GD between 1986 and 2016 in a single center. Patients were evaluated regarding epidemiological aspects, thyroid function, inflammatory activity of the eyes evaluated by the Clinical Activity Score; CAS, severity evaluated by NOSPECS classification and thyroid volume estimated by ultrasonography. Results Patients assessment identified an increase in the mean age of diagnosis of GD (p < 0.02), a reduction in thyroid volume (p < 0.001) and less intense orbital involvement from 2007-2016 compared to 1986-2006 (p = 0.04). The number of smoking patients was smaller from 2007 to 2016 (28.7%) than 1986 to 2006 (42.8% p = 0.001). The TSH and TRAb values did not had significant changes. Conclusion GD presentation appears to be changed in the last years compared to the typical initial presentation. There is a less frequent inflammatory involvement of orbital tissue, smaller goiters, a lower number of smokers and diagnosis at older age.

Tratamento de hemangioma em mucosa labial por escleroterapia: relato de caso clínico / Treatment of hemangioma in labial mucosa by sclerotherapy: clinical case report

O hemangioma é uma lesão vascular, podendo represen-tar-se como uma neoplasia benigna dos vasos sanguíneos, relativamente rara na cavidade oral, podendo causar prejuízo estético e funcional a depender da sua região. Sua localiza-ção mais frequente é o lábio superior, mas pode ocorrer em outras regiões, como língua, mucosa jugal e palato. O seu tratamento depende, principalmente, do correto diagnóstico da lesão, bem como da localização anatômica da mesma e pode ser realizado com esclerose química, crioterapia, la-serterapia, excisão cirúrgica convencional, embolia arterial ou eletrocautério. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico, de um paciente do gênero masculino, 63 anos de idade, apresentando hemangioma desde os 16 anos de idade, com recidiva há dez anos em lábio superior. Ao exame físico intrabucal observou-se uma lesão tumoral, de coloração arroxeada, base séssil, assintomática, com limites bem definidos, medindo aproximadamente 4 cm em seu maior diâmetro, localizada na mucosa labial superior. Foi realizada manobra de vitropressão que apresentou um esmaecimento da coloração arroxeada, permitindo diag-nóstico clínico de hemangioma. O tratamento proposto foi a esclerose terapêutica com cinco aplicações de oleato de monoetanolamina 5%, considerando as características clínicas e os métodos de diagnóstico desta lesão. Por meio de um diagnóstico preciso e uma conduta terapêutica ade-quada, o caso apresenta-se com um acompanhamento de dois meses com significativa redução até o momento, e com um resultado estético funcional satisfatório. Conclui-se que a eficácia da escleroterapia realizada com o uso do oleato de monoetanolamina 5% é uma alternativa terapêutica segura.

Hemangioma is a vascular lesion, and may represent a benign neoplasm of blood vessels, relatively rare in the oral cavity, and may cause aesthetic and functional impairment depending on its region. Its most frequent location is the upper lip, but may occur in other regions, such as tongue, jugal mucosa and palate. Its treatment depends mainly on the correct diagnosis of the lesion, as well as its anatomical location and can be performed with chemical sclerosis, cryotherapy, laser therapy, conventional surgical excision, arterial embolism or electrocautery. The aim of this paper is to present a case report of a 63-year-old male patient with hemangioma since he was 16 years old, with a recurrence of the upper lip for 10 years. Physical examination revealed an asymptomatic purplish-colored, lesion-shaped tumor with well-defined limits, measuring approximately 4 cm in its largest diameter, located in the upper lip mucosa. A vitropression maneuver was performed that showed a faint purplish coloration, allowing a clinical diagnosis of hemangioma. The proposed treatment was therapeutic sclerosis with five applications of 5% mono-ethanolamine oleate, considering the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods of this lesion. Through an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate therapeutic approach, the case presents a two-month follow-up with significant reduction so far, and a satisfactory functional aesthetic result. It is concluded that the effectiveness of sclerotherapy perfor-med with the use of 5% monoethanolamine oleate is a safe therapeutic alternative.

Hemodynamic response after concurrent cross exercise in hypertensive women / Respostas hemodinâmicas pós-exercício concorrente cruzado em mulheres hipertensas / Respuestas hemodinámicas post ejercicio concurrente cruzado en mujeres hipertensas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension is a disease that mainly affects women. Objective: This study aimed to verify the hypotensive effect and blood pressure reactivity in women submitted to a concurrent cross exercise (CC) session. Methods: Fifteen volunteers (54±3) performed aerobic exercise alternated with a series of weights exercises, for the analysis of blood pressure variation (by the oscillometric method) and pressure reactivity (by the Cold pressure test) before and after exercise. Results: The results demonstrated the occurrence of post-exercise hypotension in the systolic phase in the comparison between CC and C post-exercise (−11.65 mmHg). CC led to attenuation of 7mmHg and 4mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively, in the blood pressure reactivity after one session. Conclusion: It is concluded that concurrent cross exercise ensures hypotension and positive reactivity of systolic blood pressure. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies-Investigating the results of treatment.

RESUMO Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma doença que acomete, principalmente, mulheres. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito hipotensor e a reatividade da pressão arterial em mulheres submetidas a uma sessão de exercício concorrente cruzado (CC). Métodos: Quinze voluntárias (54±3) realizaram exercício aeróbico alternado com uma série de exercícios com peso para a análise da variação da pressão arterial (através do método oscilométrico) e reatividade pressórica (através do Cold pressure test) pré- e pós-exercício. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência da hipotensão pós-exercício na fase sistólica na comparação entre CC e C pós- exercício (−11,65mmHg). O CC provocou a atenuação de 7 mmHg e 4 mmHg para PAS e PAD, respectivamente, na reatividade pressórica após uma sessão. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o exercício concorrente cruzado garante hipotensão e reatividade positiva da pressão arterial sistólica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos-Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión arterial sistémica es una enfermedad que afecta principalmente a las mujeres. Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto hipotensor y la reactividad de la presión arterial en mujeres sometidas a una sesión de ejercicio concurrente cruzado (CC). Métodos: Quince voluntarias (54 ± 3) realizaron ejercicio aeróbico alternando con una serie de ejercicios con peso para el análisis de la variación de la presión arterial (a través del método oscilométrico) y reactividad presórica (a través del Cold Pressure Test) pre y post ejercicio. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron la ocurrencia de hipotensión post ejercicio en la fase sistólica en comparación entre CC y C post ejercicio (−11,65mmHg). El CC provocó la atenuación de 7 mmHg y 4 mmHg para PAS y PAD, respectivamente, en la reactividad presórica después de una sesión. Conclusión: Se concluye que el ejercicio concurrente cruzado garantiza hipotensión y reactividad positiva de la presión arterial sistólica. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos-Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Sport as a vehicle for socio-educational transformation: a study of the Fernanda Keller Project

Abstract Aims: The aim is to identify the representations of the main actors involved in the Fernanda Keller Project on the internal and external environments of the organization. Methods: Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Results: Findings points to the great difficulty of the interaction between the Project and the city hall, from a certain moment. In the internal environment, stand out the value attributed to the Project in the social transformation of young people, community, and professionals directly or indirectly involved in the actions. Conclusion: The project has achieved success and social impact. However, the participation of the city hall of Niterói has diminished with the passage of time. Despite the difficulties encountered, the project has found new partners in the private sector. The initiative to seek other means to obtain resources was fundamental to the project's maintenance. This posture has led everyone to a positive and involving message that permeates all the reports that this study analyzed.

Diphenyl Diselenide and Clotrimazole Co-loaded into Eudragit® RS 100 Nanocapsules Formulation Has Superior Antioxidant Potential and Promising Anti-candida Activity

Abstract In the current study, nanocapsules (NC) formulations containing a co-load of clotrimazole (C), a highly prescribed antifungal drug, and diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2], an organoselenium compound with a promising scope of pharmacological actions, were prepared. Formulations were characterized as well as the potential toxicity, antioxidant action, and antifungal effect were assessed using in vitro techniques. The NCs were prepared employing Eudragit® RS 100 as polymeric wall and medium chain triglycerides or virgin coconut oil (CO) as core. All NC suspensions had pH around acid range, compound content close to theoretical value (1 mg/mL/drug), average diameter in nanometric range, positive values of zeta potential as well as high encapsulation efficacy and mucoadhesive property. Physicochemical stability was performed over a 30-day period and showed no modification in the aforementioned parameters to all samples. Preliminary screening of toxicological potential performed by the hen's egg test chorioallantoic membrane technique classified the formulations as non-irritant. The DPPH radical assay revealed that nanoencapsulated compounds had superior antioxidant action in comparison to their free forms (concentration range tested 1.0-25.0 µg/mL). Importantly, the formulation composed of CO and containing C and (PhSe)2 showed the highest antioxidant potential and was selected for further investigation regarding antifungal effect against some Candida spp strains. Results of in vitro antifungal assay demonstrated that the C and (PhSe)2 co-encapsulation had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values around 60. Thus, our study supplies additional data about advantages achieved by encapsulating active compounds.

Alcohol and violence: Brazilian organized football fans / Alcohol y violencia: hinchadas de fútbol brasileñas / álcool e violência: torcidas organizadas de futebol no Brasil

Abstract: Violence among football fans is a public safety issue in Brazil. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the debate relating it to alcohol consumption. A qualitative-quantitative research approach was adopted. Data were obtained through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, observations, and the AUDIT test. Two groups of ten male fans over 18 years of age participated as volunteers. Public safety statistics indicate that police incidents decreased after the ban on alcohol sales and consumption in Brazilian stadiums. Alcohol and other (illegal) drugs are mostly consumed outside the stadiums by violent fans. According to the AUDIT protocol, 50% of fans presented high-risk consumption while 10% were likely to be dependent. Therefore, alcohol consumption can be an important trigger for violence in football and deserves attention and proper public policies.

Resumen: La violencia entre hinchadas de fútbol es un problema de seguridad pública en Brasil. El objetivo del estudio es contribuir al debate que relaciona el consumo alcohólico y la violencia entre los hinchas futbolísticos. Se trata de una investigación con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, cuyos datos se obtuvieron mediante análisis documental, entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones y la prueba AUDIT. Dos grupos de diez hinchas, hombres mayores de 18 años, participaron del estudio. Las estadísticas de seguridad apuntan que los delitos han bajado tras la prohibición de la venta y consumo de alcohol en estadios brasileños. El alcohol y otras drogas (ilícitas) son más consumidos fuera de los estadios por grupos de barra bravas. Según la prueba AUDIT, 50% de los hinchas presentaron consumo alcohólico de alto riesgo y 10%, probable dependencia. Por lo tanto, el consumo alcohólico puede ser un importante agente desencadenante de violencia en fútbol, luego, necesita atención y adecuadas políticas públicas.

Resumo: A violência entre torcedores de futebol é um problema de segurança pública no Brasil. O propósito deste estudo é contribuir para o debate que relaciona o consumo de álcool e a violência entre torcedores de futebol. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações e teste AUDIT. Dois grupos de dez torcedores homens, maiores de idade, participaram do estudo. Estatísticas de segurança apontam que ocorrências policiais diminuíram após a proibição da venda e consumo de álcool em estádios brasileiros. O álcool e outras drogas (ilícitas) são mais consumidos fora dos estádios por grupos de torcedores violentos. Segundo o protocolo AUDIT, 50% dos torcedores submetidos ao teste apresentaram consumo de alto risco e 10%, provável dependência. Portanto, o consumo de álcool pode ser um importante agente desencadeador de violências no futebol e por isso merece atenção e políticas públicas adequadas.

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes de serviços ambulatoriais de clínica médica / Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients of medical ambulatory services

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes de ambulatórios de clínica médica no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, em 2018. Métodos Aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico e da escala de depressão de Hamilton em um período de dois meses; 101 pacientes foram devidamente entrevistados. Resultados Observou-se que 61,4% da amostra classifica-se entre ligeiramente e gravemente deprimida, sendo 78% dos pacientes da reumatologia, 63% da cardiologia e 48% da endocrinologia. Dos pacientes abordados, 34,6% praticam atividade física pelo menos três vezes por semana, 53,5% fazem ou já fizeram uso de medicação para dormir, 25,7% já fizeram tratamento psiquiátrico e 4,9% o fazem atualmente, em contrapartida 29,7% fazem uso de algum psicotrópico. Dos psicotrópicos, o mais utilizado foi o diazepam (16,7%). Verificaram-se as seguintes associações: pacientes ligeiramente a gravemente deprimidos não praticavam atividades físicas, já faziam tratamento de saúde e tinham histórico de tratamento psiquiátrico; a reumatologia apresentou mais pacientes com algum grau de depressão. Dos 27 que disseram ter sono ruim, 78% usavam medicamento para dormir e 63%, psicotrópicos; 60% não praticavam atividade física e 81% eram ligeiramente a gravemente deprimidos. Sintomas somáticos foram os mais relatados na escala de Hamilton. Conclusão Existe alta prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes dos ambulatórios de clínica médica, com destaque para as doenças cardiovasculares, endocrinológicas e reumatológicas. Percebe-se que houve grande destaque para os sintomas somáticos, o que pode explicar a grande quantidade de entrevistados que não são acompanhados por psiquiatra e tratados apenas com sintomáticos.

ABSTRACT Objective Estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in ambulatory of medical clinics at Lauro Wanderley University Hospital in 2018. Methods Application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in a 2-month period, where 101 patients were interviewed. Results It was observed that 61.4% of the sample is classified as mildly and severely depressed, with 78% of rheumatology patients, 63% of cardiology and 48% of endocrinology. Of the patients treated 34.6% practice physical activity at least three times a week, 53.5% use or had used sleeping medication, 25.7% have psychiatric treatment and 4.9% currently do, in contrast 29.7% use some psychotropic. Of the psychotropics, the most used was Diazepam (16.7%). The following associations were found: slightly depressed patients did not practice physical activities, were already receiving health treatment and had a history of psychiatric treatment; rheumatology showed more patients with some degree of depression. Of the 27 who reported poor sleep, 78% used sleeping medication and 63% psychotropic, 60% did not practice physical activity and 81% were slightly depressed. Somatic symptoms were the most reported on the Hamilton scale. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients of medical ambulatory services, especially cardiovascular, endocrinological and rheumatologic diseases. It is noticed that there was a great emphasis on somatic symptoms, which may explain the large number of respondents who are not accompanied by psychiatrist and treated only with symptomatic.

A violência em categorias de base do futsal no Rio de Janeiro: um mergulho no universo dos pais e treinadores / Violence in futsal basic age categories in Rio de Janeiro: entering the universe of parents and coaches / La violencia en las categorías de base del futsal en Rio de Janeiro: entrando en el universo de los padres y entrenadores

O estudo identifica e analisa as formas de manifestação da violência de pais, durante os jogos, em torcidas de futsal sub-9. Além disso, analisa as medidas preventivas propostas pelos técnicos. Participaram nove pais, além de três técnicos de três equipes do Rio de Janeiro, um de cada instituição. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de observação participante e entrevistas. A violência simbólica e a violência física manifestaram-se como as formas de violência presentes no grupo analisado. Além disso, as medidas preventivas propostas apontam para a intervenção das equipes multiprofissionais desses clubes, junto aos pais. Logo, concluiu-se que as duas formas de manifestação da violência em torcidas de pais depõem contra os valores do amadorismo esportivo e acabam promovendo comportamentos disfuncionais

The study identifies and analyzes parents' ways of expressing violence while rooting in under-9 futsal matches and examines preventive measures proposed by coaches. Participants were nine parents and three coaches of three teams from distinct institutions in Rio de Janeiro. Data were produced by participant observation and interviews. Both symbolic and physical violence were observed as expressions of violence present in the group analyzed. In addition, the preventive measures proposed point to the intervention by the clubs' multiprofessional teams with parents. Therefore, parents' two forms of expressing violence while rooting go against amateur sports values and end up promoting dysfunctional behaviors

El estudio identifica y analiza las formas en que se manifiesta la violencia de los padres durante los partidos, en las hinchadas de futsal sub-9. Además, analiza las medidas preventivas propuestas por los técnicos. Participaron nueve padres, además de tres técnicos de tres equipos de Rio de Janeiro, uno de cada institución. Los datos fueron producidos a través de observación participante y entrevistas. La violencia simbólica y la violencia física se manifestaron como las formas de violencia presentes en el grupo analizado. Además, las medidas preventivas propuestas apuntan a la intervención de los equipos multiprofesionales de esos clubes junto a los padres. Luego, se concluye que las dos formas de manifestación de la violencia en hinchadas de padres van contra los valores del deporte amador y terminan dando impulso a comportamientos disfuncionales

Primeiros jogos mundiais dos povos indígenas: uma análise da percepção dos espectadores / Ethnic-racial representations and sport: first world games of indigenous peoples / Representaciones étnico-raciales y deporte: primeros juegos mundiales de los pueblos indígenas

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os Jogos Mundiais dos Povos Indígenas (JMPI), através do ponto de vista de espectadores que foram ao evento, indígenas e não indígenas, de forma a descrever suas percepções sobre questões políticas e sociais dos jogos. A abordagem é qualitativa e o instrumento utilizado na coleta dos dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada. 15 sujeitos participaram do estudo, escolhidos de forma aleatória. Indícios apontam que os JMPI aproximaram a comunidade global da realidade indígena, mas houve falta de autonomia na formulação do evento por parte das lideranças indígenas, e possibilidade de o evento servir para obscurecer a realidade de violência que os povos indígenas enfrentam no Brasil.

The objective of this study was to analyze the World Indigenous Peoples Games (JMPI), from the point of view of spectators who went to the event, indigenous and non - indigenous, in order to describe their perceptions about political and social issues of the games. The approach is qualitative and the instrument used in the data collection was the semi-structured interview. 15 subjects participated in the study, chosen at random. Findings in the reports indicate that the JMPI brought the global community closer to the indigenous reality, providing opportunities for indigenous peoples around the world. They were understood as an excellent opportunity for multi-ethnic meetings, a space conducive to the verbalization of the demands of the different peoples originating in the world. Have also been reported: lack of autonomy in the formulation of the event by indigenous leaders, and the possibility of the event serving to obscure the reality of violence that indigenous peoples face in Brazil.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los Juegos Mundiales de los Pueblos Indígenas (JMPI), a través del punto de vista de espectadores que fueron al evento, indígenas y no indígenas, para describir sus percepciones sobre cuestiones políticas y sociales de los juegos. El enfoque es cualitativo y el instrumento utilizado en la recolección de los datos fue la entrevista semiestructurada. 15 sujetos participaron del estudio, elegidos de forma aleatoria. Indicios en los relatos apuntan que los JMPI acercaron a la comunidad global de la realidad indígena, oportunizando el congraciamiento de los pueblos indígenas de todo el mundo. Se entendieron como una excelente oportunidad de encuentros multiétinicos, un espacio propicio a la verbalización de las demandas de los diferentes pueblos originarios del mundo. Cuestiones relativas a la falta de autonomía en la formulación del evento por parte de los liderazgos indígenas, y posibilidad de que el evento sirva para oscurecer la realidad de violencia que enfrentan los pueblos indígenas en Brasil, también se han reportado.

Brazilian guidelines for the management of psychomotor agitation. Part 2. Pharmacological approach

Objective: To present the essential guidelines for pharmacological management of patients with psychomotor agitation in Brazil. Methods: This is a systematic review of articles retrieved from the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and SciELO databases published from 1997 to 2017. Other relevant articles in the literature were also used to develop these guidelines. The search strategy used structured questions formulated using the PICO model, as recommended by the Guidelines Project of the Brazilian Medical Association. Recommendations were summarized according to their level of evidence, which was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine system and critical appraisal tools. Results: Of 5,362 articles retrieved, 1,731 abstracts were selected for further reading. The final sample included 74 articles that met all inclusion criteria. The evidence shows that pharmacologic treatment is indicated only after non-pharmacologic approaches have failed. The cause of the agitation, side effects of the medications, and contraindications must guide the medication choice. The oral route should be preferred for drug administration; IV administration must be avoided. All subjects must be monitored before and after medication administration. Conclusion: If non-pharmacological strategies fail, medications are needed to control agitation and violent behavior. Once medicated, the patient should be monitored until a tranquil state is possible without excessive sedation. Systematic review registry number: CRD42017054440.